![]() ![]() After this, there were breaks in the pattern for various reasons, but an unbroken series were held from 1542 to 1922. īefore 1328, celebrations were held at irregular intervals, but at the guild of that year it was decreed that subsequent guilds should be held every 20 years. It is the only guild still celebrated in the UK. The right to hold a Guild Merchant was conferred by King Henry II upon the burgesses of Preston in a charter of 1179 the associated Preston Guild is a civic celebration held every 20 years and 2012 was the latest guild year. Guild Merchant 2012 Preston Guild roadside emblem When assessed for tax purposes in 1218 – 19 it was the wealthiest town in the whole county. When first mentioned in the 1086 Domesday Book, Preston was already the most important town in Amounderness (the area of Central Lancashire between the rivers Ribble and Cocker, including The Fylde and the Forest of Bowland). This idea is supported by the similarity of the Paschal lamb on Preston's crest with that on St Wilfrid's. Īn explanation of the origin of the name is that the Priest's Town refers to a priory set up by St Wilfrid near the Ribble's lowest ford. At Withy Trees, 1 + 1⁄ 2 miles (2 km) north of Preston, the road crossed another Roman road from Bremetennacum (the Roman fort at Ribchester) to the coast. For example, the road from Luguvalium to Mamucium (now Carlisle to Manchester) crossed the River Ribble at Walton-le-Dale, 3⁄ 4 mile (1 km) southeast of the centre of Preston, and a Roman camp or station may also have been here. Main article: History of Lancashire Early development ĭuring the Roman period, Roman roads passed close to what is now the centre of Preston. The tun (enclosure, farmstead, village, manor, estate) of the Presta. ![]() The town's name is derived from the Old English words Presta and tun. Various other spellings occur in early documents: Prestonam (1094), Prestone (1160), Prestona (1160), Presteton (1180), and Prestun (1226). ![]() Preston was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Prestune. The demonym for residents of the city is "Prestonian". Preston is the seat of Lancashire County Council, houses the main campus of the University of Central Lancashire (UCLan) and is home to Preston North End F.C., a founder member of the Football League and the first English football champions. The town's textile sector fell into terminal decline from the mid-20th century and Preston has subsequently faced similar challenges to other post-industrial northern towns, including deindustrialisation, economic deprivation and housing issues. Preston was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution, becoming a densely populated engineering centre, with large industrial plants. The most rapid period of growth and development coincided with the industrialisation and expansion of textile manufacturing. Sir Richard Arkwright, inventor of the spinning frame, was born in the town. In the early-18th century, Edmund Calamy described Preston as "a pretty town with an abundance of gentry in it, commonly called Proud Preston". Flemish weavers who settled in the area in the 14th century helped develop the industry. Textiles have been produced since the mid-13th century when locally produced wool was woven in people's houses. In the Middle Ages, Preston was a parish and township in the hundred of Amounderness and was granted a Guild Merchant charter in 1179, giving it the status of a market town. The Angles established Preston its name is derived from the Old English meaning "priest's settlement" and in the Domesday Book is recorded as "Prestune". Preston and its surrounding area have provided evidence of ancient Roman activity, largely in the form of a Roman road that led to a camp at Walton-le-Dale. The Preston Travel To Work Area, in 2011, had a population of 420,661, compared with 354,000 in the previous census. Preston has a population of 114,300, the City of Preston district 132,000 and the Preston Built-up Area 313,322. Preston and its surrounding district obtained city status in 2002, becoming England's 50th city in the 50th year of Queen Elizabeth II's reign. The city is the administrative centre of the county of Lancashire and the wider City of Preston local government district. Preston ( / ˈ p r ɛ s t ən/ ⓘ) is a city on the north bank of the River Ribble in Lancashire, England.
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